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Ecology of yeasts in forest soils
Mašínová, Tereza ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Marečková, Markéta (referee) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Microbial communities inhabiting upper soil horizons represent an important component of forest ecosystems. However, despite the evidence that yeasts represent an integral part of topsoil fungal communities, their role in forest ecosystems received so far little attention. The aims of my PhD thesis were to describe yeast communities in soil and litter of a temperate forest using high- throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, identify dominant yeast species and to explore how the composition of yeast communities reflects the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. I also aimed to isolate yeasts from forest topsoil, describe novel yeast taxa abundant according to the environmental DNA survey and screen representative isolates for the traits relevant to their involvement in organic matter transformation. I have demonstrated that in forest topsoil, yeasts represent a substantial proportion of fungal communities with higher relative abundance in soil than in litter. In litter, yeast communities differ significantly among beech, oak and spruce-dominated stands. Drivers of community assembly are probably more complex in soils and comprise the effects of soil chemistry and vegetation. Even though there are similarities in the response of the communities of yeasts and filamentous fungi to...
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Bacteria associated with decomposing deadwood
Tláskal, Vojtěch ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Bárta, Jiří (referee)
Deadwood is a hotspot of microbial diversity and its decomposition contributes to carbon and nitrogen cycling in temperate forests. The historically recognized importance of fungi in the decomposition of deadwood has recently been complemented by the description of bacterial functions thanks to the rapid progress of culture-independent methods based on the analysis of nucleic acids. To study different aspects of deadwood decomposition, a temperate mixed forest in Zofinsky prales National Nature Reserve was selected as a site with rich historical forestry data where deadwood decomposition represents an important process in wood turnover. The aim of this thesis is to describe role of bacteria in deadwood decomposition at fine scale resolution with respect to community composition, enzyme transcription, and metabolic potential of dominant species. Effects of deadwood age together with pH and water content on the bacterial community composition proved to be more important than tree species identity. Bacteria showed distinct composition between early and late community in decomposing deadwood. The bacterial community was also under a significant influence of fungal community composition. Despite being in a close contact, bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly between deadwood and the...
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The influence of agricultural activities on the stream water quality in natural reservation
NOVOMĚSTSKÁ, Markéta
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of agricultural activity on hydrochemical parameters of surface waters in connection with the occurence of specially protected species within the surface waters of a monitored area. A model was chosen for the evaluation of the situation - Bedřichovský potok, which is located in Novohradské hory. The river consists of lower and upper sub-waters. Forest management is applied within upper sub-basin, while agricultural management on arable land, meadows and pastures is used in the lower sub-basin. The monitored parameters were indicators of eutrophication of surface waters: Nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), Phosphate phosphorus (P-PO43-), and conductivity of undissolved material (NL105). The results showed that the agriculture management (especially on arable land) burdens the soil with nutrients and consequently erosion enters the substances, bringing them to the surface and ground water as a result. There was an increase of substances in the water after rain.
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The influence of agricultural activities on selected physical and chemical parameters of surface water
MIKEŠOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this diploma thesis was a statistical evaluation of the impact of farming methods and the land cover on hydrochemical parameters of surface waters drainage patterns in Novohradské mountains and identify the possible impact of agriculture on the valuesof these parameters. The area for the evaluation is consist of lower and upper parts of the basin of Pasecký, Bedřichovský and Váčkový stream. Sampling sites include agriculturally cultivated land, but also forest ecosystems. The work is mainly focused on the following parameters: conductivity, nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), suspended solids (NL105) and phosphate phosphorus (P-PO43-), which are parameters causing eutrophication of water. The parameters changes were analysed for the years 2014 - 2017. Significant differences were observed in the all three streams in the water chemisms between upper and lower parts of the watersheds of conductivity and nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-). The results confirmed that the farming has a significant influence on the water quality in the Pasecký, Bedřichovský and Váčkový stream although it is an extensive farming.
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Ecology of yeasts in forest soils
Mašínová, Tereza ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Marečková, Markéta (referee) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Microbial communities inhabiting upper soil horizons represent an important component of forest ecosystems. However, despite the evidence that yeasts represent an integral part of topsoil fungal communities, their role in forest ecosystems received so far little attention. The aims of my PhD thesis were to describe yeast communities in soil and litter of a temperate forest using high- throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, identify dominant yeast species and to explore how the composition of yeast communities reflects the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. I also aimed to isolate yeasts from forest topsoil, describe novel yeast taxa abundant according to the environmental DNA survey and screen representative isolates for the traits relevant to their involvement in organic matter transformation. I have demonstrated that in forest topsoil, yeasts represent a substantial proportion of fungal communities with higher relative abundance in soil than in litter. In litter, yeast communities differ significantly among beech, oak and spruce-dominated stands. Drivers of community assembly are probably more complex in soils and comprise the effects of soil chemistry and vegetation. Even though there are similarities in the response of the communities of yeasts and filamentous fungi to...
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Influence of fishpond and agricultural management on the character of outflowing water from the model catchment of Hamerský stream
VLKOVÁ, Dana
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out the differences in chemical and physical parameters of water samples from the Hamerský grook. These samples were taken during the year 2015 from forest, agricultural and fish farming landscape. Measured parameters were: conductance, pH; KNK4,5; NO3-N; PO4-P ; N; organic C and other insoluble substances. Based on the results of samples from forest landscape the lowest values of pH; KNK4,5 and insoluble substances. The highest values of NO3-N were determined in results from agriculture landscape. The maximal values of the most measured parameters were detected at sample collection site "under the Ratmírov lake", especially insoluble substances.
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Management of agricultural landscape and its impact on ion concentrations in running water
MIKEŠOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this thesis was to compare chemical and physical parameters of surface water drainage patterns in Novohradské mountains and identify the possible impact of agriculture on the values of these parameters. Were used data for 2015 and 2016. Sampling sites include agriculturally cultivated land, but also forest ecosystems. The work is mainly focused on the following parameters: conductivity, pH, alkalinity, NO3-N and PO4-P, which are parameters causing eutrophication of water. The difference between the upper closures flows in forest ecosystems and lower closures flows near the agriculturally cultivated land has been contradictory. Conductivity values clearly showed that agricultural activity deteriorating water quality because conductivity at lower closures flows was sometimes three times higher than conductivity in the forest ecosystems, but for example, the value of PO4-P concentrations were higher at the upper closures flows, ie in forest ecosystems.
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Vybrané aspekty ekologie drobných savců ve vztahu k variabilitě lesních stanovišť
Čepelka, Ladislav
The present thesis deals with the ecology of small mammals in forest ecosystems of Moravia (Czech Republic). Data were obtained in the period 2002-2013. The monitored habitats were at different altitudes, of diverse forest composition, under various methods of management and at different stages of succession. The localities were situated in lowland forests of rural landscape in southern Moravia and in upland forests of Jeseníky Mts. and Beskydy Mts. During the research, small ground mammals were captured with snap traps. Captured animals were classified according to species, measured, and weighed. The stomachs were removed and stored for subsequent ingested food analysis by NIRS. Saplings on forest plantations were monitored for damage caused by small mammals. At locations of interest in southern Moravia and in the Beskids, seed-mast crop of main broadleaved species was being detected there. In the evaluation of the obtained data, the diversity of small mammals synusias was monitored at sites in lowland and upland forest ecosystems. Habitat preferences of individual species were examined too. In the most abundant species, changes in the population dynamics during monitored period were detected. Special attention was paid to population characteristics in relation to the intensity of the seed crop. In mammals from southern Moravia, quality of ingested food (ratio of nitrogenous substances in the content of stomachs) was studied by NIRS. The influence of small rodents on tree saplings was monitored in Jeseníky Mts.
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